References:

1. Zachary F. Meisel and Jesse M.  Pines, “Waiting Doom,” Slate.com, Posted July 14, 2008.
2. American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP),”ED Visits Jump to Record 115 Million,” ACEP Press Release, 2007, citing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
3. American Academy of Emergency Medicine (AAEM), “AAEM Position Statement on ED Boarding,” May 15, 2007, http://www.aaem.org/positionstatements/edboarding.php.
4. American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), “Three-Fourths Of Emergency Department Directors Report Shortages Of Medical Specialists,” ACEP Press Release, May 2, 2006.
5. American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), ACEP Task Force Report on Boarding, Emergency Department Crowding: High-Impact Solutions, April 2008.
6. Institute of Medicine (IOM), “The Future of Emergency Care in the United States Health System,” Report Brief, June 2006, http://www.iom.edu/Object.File/Master/35/014/Emergency%20Care.pdf.
7. American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), “Boarding of Admitted and Intensive Care Patients in the Emergency Department,” ACEP Policy Statement, Revised and approved by the ACEP Board of Directors April 2008.